This study examined the spatial mapping and distribution of rural periodic markets in Lafia Local Government Area (LGA), Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey design supported by Geographic Information System (GIS), field observation and key informant interviews. Four rural periodic markets, namely Assakio, Agyaragu, Barikin Abdullahi (B.A.D.) and Kwandere, were identified and their geographical coordinates obtained using GPS. The coordinates were processed in ArcGIS to map the spatial distribution of the markets, while field observation and key informant interviews were used to examine their physical and functional characteristics. The findings revealed that the periodic markets are spatially dispersed across different parts of the study area and operate on designated days, namely Monday, Friday, Tuesday and Thursday respectively. Field observations further showed that the markets provide important spaces for the exchange of agricultural produce, livestock, provisions and household goods and serve catchment areas extending beyond their immediate host settlements. However, the markets were characterized by inadequate sanitation, drainage, water supply, storage facilities and basic trading structures. The study concludes that rural periodic markets are important economic and social nodes within the rural commercial system of Lafia LGA, but their functionality is constrained by inadequate infrastructure. The study recommends upgrading basic market facilities and integrating the mapped market locations into rural development and transportation planning to improve accessibility and strengthen their contribution to rural economic development.