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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">BJCR</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">British Journal of Contemporary Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">BJCR</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn>2979-8582</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Bexford Publishing Ltd</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc><uri>https://bexfordpublishing.co.uk</uri></publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BEX_SEP_26_125</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.67693/BJCR-9KJALTCL</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group xml:lang="en" subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Information Disorder in Regional Digital Ecosystems: An Empirical Evaluation of Falsehood Propagation in Social Media in Tamil Nadu</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
      <contrib corresp="yes">
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Hariharan E A</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>eahari@gmail.com</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>Periyar Univeristy, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      <contrib>
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Dr Subramani R</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>erasubramani@gmail.com</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-3396 | Professor &amp; Head, Dept of Journalism and Mass Communication, Periyar Univeristy, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India.</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      
      
      <pub-history>
        <event event-type="received">
          <event-desc>Received: <date date-type="received">
            <day>15</day>
            <month>09</month>
            <year>2026</year>
          </date></event-desc>
        </event>
        
        <event event-type="accepted">
          <event-desc>Accepted: <date date-type="accepted">
            <day>22</day>
            <month>09</month>
            <year>2026</year>
          </date></event-desc>
        </event>
      </pub-history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2026 Hariharan E A</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>This study is a time-bound forensic assessment of non-political digital misinformation that flowed across the digital ecosystem of Tamil Nadu. The analysis excludes electoral and partisan political narratives and examines ten major viral case studies along four operational pathways: Public Safety and Social Panic, Cyber-Financial Fraud, Educational Integrity, and Public Health and Civic Infrastructure. In this paper, we adopt an empirical mixed-methods framework to quantify audience reach on open broadcast platforms (YouTube, Instagram, X, Facebook) and to compute transmission velocity in dark social environments (WhatsApp, Telegram). Technical telemetry is collected alongside engagement metrics for each case study including distribution by platform, views/impressions, likes, dark social forwards, public shares/retweets and user comments.
The empirical findings show that non-political misinformation takes advantage of affective cognitive triggers such as parental panic, financial precarity, and disaster anxiety, not synthetic media (deepfakes). The paper discusses real-world implications of out-of-context video footage, forged administrative PDF circulars, automated smishing APK trojans and deceptively vernacular voice notes that result in mob vigilantism, mobile banking fraud and disruption of public utility. Counter-measures discussed include telecom-level APK filtering, verified administrative push channels, and localized media literacy protocols.</p></abstract>
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