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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">BJCR</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">British Journal of Contemporary Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">BJCR</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn>2979-8582</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Bexford Publishing Ltd</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc><uri>https://bexfordpublishing.co.uk</uri></publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BEX_OCT_26_255</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.67693/BJCR-C3E78JQT</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group xml:lang="en" subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Review Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Building Resilient Learning Environments in Rural Basic Schools Amidst Insecurity: Global Lessons for Pupil and Teacher Retention in Nigeria</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
      <contrib corresp="yes">
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Geoffrey Aondolumun AYUA</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>ayuageoffrey@gmail.com</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Benue State University (now, Rev. Fr. Moses Orshio Adasu University) Makurdi, Nigeria</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      <contrib>
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Augustina Unoaku UDEOZO</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>udeozou1234@gmail.com</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>St Paul&#039;s Academy, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      <contrib>
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Fanan Abigail GIRE</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>agire@bsum.edu.ng</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Educational Foundations, Benue State University (now, Rev. Fr. Moses Orshio Adasu University) Makurdi, Nigeria</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      <contrib>
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Meshach Terseer UGBEDE</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>meshachter@gmail.com</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Art and Social Science Education, Faculty of Education, Benue State University (now, Rev. Fr. Moses Orshio Adasu University) Makurdi, Nigeria</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      <contrib>
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Msuur TOFI</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>tmsuur@gmail.com</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Benue State University (now, Rev. Fr. Moses Orshio Adasu University) Makurdi, Nigeria</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      <contrib>
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Kelvin SAMUEL</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>skelvin@abu.edu.ng</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>Departtment of Science Education, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      
      
      <pub-history>
        <event event-type="received">
          <event-desc>Received: <date date-type="received">
            <day>28</day>
            <month>10</month>
            <year>2026</year>
          </date></event-desc>
        </event>
        
        <event event-type="accepted">
          <event-desc>Accepted: <date date-type="accepted">
            <day>02</day>
            <month>11</month>
            <year>2026</year>
          </date></event-desc>
        </event>
      </pub-history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2026 Geoffrey Aondolumun AYUA</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Persistent insecurity in rural Nigeria has severely undermined the attainment of Universal Basic Education, leading to mass school closures, displacement, and poor pupil and teacher retention. While initiatives such as the Safe Schools Declaration exist, rural Basic schools remain highly vulnerable due to reactive policies and limited context-specific strategies. This conceptual paper examines how resilient learning environments can be built in Nigerian rural Basic schools by drawing global lessons from countries that have sustained education amid conflict. Anchored on Resilience Theory and Policy Transfer Theory, the paper synthesizes best practices from Kenya, Mali, Afghanistan, South Sudan, and conflict-affected states in Nigeria such as Borno and Yobe. The analysis identifies five cross-cutting themes: community partnership, low-cost alternative delivery, teacher support, psychosocial and peace education, and multi-sectoral policy coordination as critical to retention during insecurity. From this synthesis, the paper proposes the &quot;GLAM Model: Global Lessons Adapted for Marginalized Rural Schools&quot;— a framework comprising Guarded Schools, Low-Tech Learning, Assisted Teachers, and Mindful Learners. The paper argues that sustainable pupil and teacher retention in rural Nigeria requires shifting from crisis-response to adaptive, community-driven resilience. It concludes with implications for policy, practice and future research on securing education continuity in rural communities.</p></abstract>
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