Over the years, the increase in demand for sustainable electricity and rising energy costs in institutional buildings has necessitated the adoption of efficient energy management strategies. In this study, MATLAB-based linear programming approach for sustainable energy optimization in the Administration Building of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi (JOSTUM), Nigeria was explored. Energy audit was performed to determine the energy consumption characteristics of major office appliances. The energy consumption profiles and electricity costs were developed using appliance power ratings and operating schedules. Two objective functions (O1 and O2) were generated and optimized using the MATLAB Linprog solver to reduce energy consumption and operational costs while satisfying building operational requirements. The results showed that lighting systems, air conditioners and fans were the major energy-consuming loads. Optimization of appliance operation resulted in reductions in energy consumption across all load categories. Air-conditioning systems showed the highest energy-saving potential while lighting loads recorded substantial reductions in both energy consumption and operational costs. The study showed that MATLAB-based linear programming is an effective tool for optimizing energy consumption in institutional buildings. The developed framework provides a practical decision-support approach for reducing electricity costs and promoting sustainable energy management.