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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">BJCR</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">British Journal of Contemporary Research</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">BJCR</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn>2979-8582</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Bexford Publishing Ltd</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc><uri>https://bexfordpublishing.co.uk</uri></publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">BEX_JUL_26_093</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.67693/BJCR-LZZWP7PP</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group xml:lang="en" subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Development of an instrument for testing students manipulative skills in brick block laying and concreting trade in Bauchi State Technical colleges </article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="author">
      <contrib corresp="yes">
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Atinuke Odesanmi</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>odesanmiatinuke@gmail.com</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>Construction Technology Education, Faculty Of Technology Education, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Nigeria,</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      <contrib>
        <name-alternatives>
          <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary">
            <given-names>Prof Nwankwor N.A</given-names>
          </name>
        </name-alternatives>
        <email>nwanks4@gmail.com</email>
        <bio xml:lang="en"><p>Construction technology education/ School of technology and science education/ modibbo Adama university of technology</p></bio>
      </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      
      
      <pub-history>
        <event event-type="received">
          <event-desc>Received: <date date-type="received">
            <day>16</day>
            <month>07</month>
            <year>2026</year>
          </date></event-desc>
        </event>
        
        <event event-type="accepted">
          <event-desc>Accepted: <date date-type="accepted">
            <day>21</day>
            <month>07</month>
            <year>2026</year>
          </date></event-desc>
        </event>
      </pub-history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2026 Atinuke Odesanmi</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract><p>Abstract 
This study examined the development of an instrument for testing students’ manipulative skills 
in brick/block laying and concreting trade in Bauchi State technical colleges. Descriptive 
survey research design was adopted for the study. Three research questions were developed 
and answered in line with the purpose of the study. The population of the study comprises 47 
respondents. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire which was 
developed in line with the research questions and two hypotheses were formulated and tested 
at 0.05 level of significance. Three experts validated the instrument. The study adopted testretest approach to establish the reliability coefficient of 0.91 using Cronbach&#039;s Alpha statistical 
tool, Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data collected for the study. SPSS 
version 21 was used to analyze the data for the study. The findings of the study among others 
revealed that: Three assessment instruments are operational for testing students’ manipulative 
skills in brick/block laying and concreting trade. The study further revealed that most of the 
identified tasks used for NTC levels were appropriate and majority of the skills identified were 
commonly appropriate for inclusion in the instrument for assessing students’ manipulative 
skills. The study therefore recommended that the existing instruments should be identified and 
used to test students’ manipulative skills in brick/block laying and concreting trade.</p></abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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