Abstract This study examines the historical trajectory of human trafficking between Nigeria and Saudi Arabia from 1960 to 2025. Using archival records, policy documents, oral interviews, and diplomatic correspondence, the research traces how labour migration, religious pilgrimage, and socio-economic factors facilitated trafficking networks over a 65-year period. The study argues that gaps in bilateral diplomatic frameworks, weak consular protection, and demand for cheap labour in Saudi Arabia combined with poverty and porous migration channels in Nigeria created conditions for sustained trafficking. Findings reveal three distinct phases: 1960-1980 characterized by labour migration; 1981-2010 marked by the rise of trafficking under religious and employment guise; and 2011-2025 defined by increased government crackdowns and international advocacy. The paper further analyzes Nigeria-Saudi diplomatic responses, domestic policies, and international conventions aimed at combating trafficking. It concludes that effective policy requires stronger bilateral agreements, victim protection mechanisms, public awareness, and economic alternatives in Nigeria. This research contributes to contemporary debates on migration, human rights, and Africa-Middle East relations, and offers evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, civil society, and diplomatic actors. Keywords: Human trafficking, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, migration, diplomacy, policy, human rights, 1960-2025