Global demand for lithium resources is increasing rapidly, primarily due to its essential role in modern industrial, aerospace, defense, and especially lithium-ion battery technologies. Despite this surge, the lithium mineralization within the Nigerian Basement Complex remains significantly underexplored. Africa is recognized as a continent rich in mineral resources, including lithium, which is commonly found in rare-metal pegmatites. Historically, these pegmatites were mined sporadically for tin and tantalum across various regions. In recent years, Africa has emerged as a major focus for mining companies and international investors participating in the global “race” for lithium—often referred to as “white gold.” Currently, Africa accounts for over 10% of the world’s lithium production, with deposits of varying sizes and ore grades identified in several countries. This study examined the lithological features and lithium enrichment prospects of the Marafa Oja area in Kwara State, North-Central Nigeria. The field investigation involved detailed mapping and sampling, with an emphasis on analyzing the relationships among different rock units to assess their mineralization potential. Based on the findings, the local geology was established, and possible zones of mineralization were identified. Four distinct lithologies were identified in the area: biotite granite gneiss, amphibolite/amphibole schist, medium-grained granite, and pegmatite veins. The primary structural trends within the tenement run approximately NE/SW, with secondary trends in the NW/SE direction. Through systematic mapping and targeted sampling of suspected ore-bearing rocks, the study found the area is highly prospective for pegmatite-hosted mineralization, especially for minerals like muscovite and tantalite. Further evidence of local mining activities, combined with structural interpretations and observable field signatures, highlights areas with the greatest potential for future exploration. Overall, the research underscores the significance of the Marafa Oja area as a promising target for lithium and rare-metal exploration within Nigeria’s broader mineral landscape. Keywords: Lithium Occurrences, Pegmatites, Kwara, Volcanic Clay, Brine and geothermal deposit